Wednesday, November 25, 2009

Account Suspension Reason

Marketiva Account Suspension Reasons
If our system detects duplicate accounts or accounts opened from the same location, the system may suspend or, in case of newly created accounts, disable them. If you did not previously open any other account, please open your new account and upload your identification documents described at https://www.marketiva.com/index.ncre?page=identification page. You will then need to contact us on the live support channel accessible through our web site, so we can verify your documents. Please do not use the Streamster software before your documents get verified; otherwise your account will be disabled again.

Reset Account
If your windows layout shows of only one window, while you successfully logged in, you need to reset your windows layout and your rates, chat and news subscriptions, by following the simple procedure explained at https://www.marketiva.com/index.ncre?page=reset-account page.


Easiest Way to Trade & Resources
The easiest way to start trading is to click on a market instrument in a price window. When [Send Order] dialog shows up, you can set [Quantity] field to 1 or more (depending on the amount of money you have on currently active trading desk). When you click OKbutton, the order will go into the market. You can find a collection of introductory articles and various other resources to help you understand trading basics at http://www.marketiva.com/index.ncre?page=resources page

Practice Virtual
We strongly encourage users to practice with virtual money, for at least several weeks, before starting to trade on live trading desks. Each user gets virtual $10000 on account opening and this virtual money can be used for practicing. There is no limitation on how long a user can trade virtual money only

Sunday, November 15, 2009

Marketiva Tools FAQ

The following are the questions often asked about Marketiva Tools. If there are additional questions you feel we should address, please notify us and we will list your questions to assist other clients. Please have in mind that this is a general tools-related FAQ, while there are other documents on this Web Site that address other specific topics.

Marketiva Personal Web Terminal
What is the initial password?
Initial password is empty. Please note that the password is not your Marketiva account password.

What is the URL for access through internet?
The URL is http://[YOUR PUBLIC IP ADDRESS]:[PORT NUMBER] For example, if your public IP address is 200.200.200.200, and port number is 8030, the URL will be http://200.200.200.200:8030 and if you use the default port number 80, the URL will be http://200.200.200.200

Can I use it to trade without running Streamster?
No, sorry, it works through the Streamster web service API and Streamster has to be running when you are using the Personal Web Terminal.

How do I set a password?
You can set a password by going to Marketiva Light Web Server menu File > Set Password.

Sunday, November 08, 2009

Marketiva Service Agreement

Service Agreement
This Service Agreement (hereinafter referred to as "Agreement") is a legal contract between Marketiva MM DOO, (hereinafter referred to as "Marketiva") its successors and assigns, and the party (hereinafter referred to as "Trader" or "Client") executing this document. In connection with opening an account with Marketiva to speculate and purchase and / or sell financial instruments, which may be purchased and / or sold to Marketiva or through Marketiva for Trader's account(s), Trader acknowledges and agrees as follows:

1. FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRADING
1.1. Over-The-Counter Foreign Exchange: Trader may purchase and / or sell spot foreign currency (hereinafter referred to as "Currency") and any similar financial instruments, through over-the-counter foreign exchange market (hereinafter referred to as "OTCFX"), where Marketiva shall most frequently act as Trader's counterparty in the purchase and / or sale of the Currency.

1.2. Authorization to Trade OTCFX: In accordance with Trader's written or computer instructions, Marketiva is authorized to purchase and sell OTCFX instruments for Trader's account(s) from and to Marketiva, or pass-through purchases and sales in full, partial, aggregate, exposure-only, or any other quantity as Marketiva deems appropriate, from and to counterparty banks or sophisticated institutions or participants. Marketiva is authorized to execute all orders with Marketiva or pass-through orders to such banks or sophisticated institutions or participants as Marketiva deems appropriate.


1.3. Settlement Date, Rollovers and Delivery: With respect to purchases or sales of Currencies through an OTCFX account, Trader agrees to instruct Marketiva as to the offset or rollover of a Currency position. Except as provided herein, during the term of the Currency position, Trader shall give Marketiva instructions for rolling the Currency position no later than two hours prior to the settlement of trading in the Currency contract on the day Trader intends to rollover a Currency position. In addition, Trader, by noon of the business day before the settlement date of the Currency contract, shall instruct Marketiva whether to deliver, offset or rollover the Currency position. In the absence of timely instructions from Trader, Marketiva is authorized, at Marketiva's absolute discretion, to deliver, rollover or offset all or any portion of the Currency positions in the OTCFX account(s) for Trader's Account(s) and at Trader's risk. Trader's account(s) shall be charged commissions, at broker's rates, upon the rollover or offset of a Currency position. Trader also acknowledges that the purchase or sale of a Currency always anticipates the accepting or making of delivery, though in most cases the accepting or making of delivery will not actually occur.

2. INVESTMENT FUNDS TRADING
2.1. Over-The-Counter Funds Market: Trader may purchase and / or sell shares of investment funds (hereinafter referred to as "Funds") and any similar financial instruments, through over-the-counter funds market (hereinafter referred to as "OTCFN"), where Marketiva may frequently act as Trader's counterparty in the purchase and / or sale of the Funds.

2.2. Authorization to Trade OTCFN: In accordance with Trader's written or computer instructions, Marketiva is authorized to purchase and sell OTCFN instruments for Trader's account(s) from and to Marketiva, or pass-through purchases and sales in full, partial, aggregate, exposure-only, or any other quantity as Marketiva deems appropriate, from and to counterparty banks or sophisticated institutions or regulated investment firms. Marketiva is authorized to execute all orders with Marketiva or pass-through orders to such banks or sophisticated institutions or regulated investment firms as Marketiva deems appropriate. In event of lack of substantial purchases of OTCFN instruments, as deemed by Marketiva in Marketiva's sole discretion, Marketiva reserves the right not to invest any Fund assets into underlying investment vehicle(s), and hence assume the full risk of market movements by itself.

2.3. Funds Structure and Objectives: Marketiva shall invest Fund assets into one or more investment funds (hereinafter referred to as "Primary Funds") offered by counterparty banks or sophisticated institutions or regulated investment firms. Trader acknowledges and agrees that Marketiva shall not disclose to Trader or to any third party information on particular Primary Funds where the Fund assets are invested. Marketiva may in its sole discretion change the Primary Funds or reallocate assets invested in the Primary Funds at any time, without prior notice to Trader, and all expenses arising from the change or reallocation shall be deducted from Fund's net asset value. When collecting money from new investors in Fund, Marketiva may delay transfer of the money into the Primary Funds to group the money into larger transactions as Marketiva deems appropriate, and all the lost profits arising from the delay in the transfer of money into the Primary Funds shall be deducted from Fund's net asset value. The Funds offered by Marketiva may be distinguished by different geographical areas, investment styles and objectives, industries and currencies, providing opportunity for Trader to spread investment risk.

2.4. Funds Pricing Methods: For variable-yield Fund Marketiva shall calculate Fund price as net asset value of the Fund divided by the Fund's shares outstanding and then decreased for the charges, expenses and fees as Marketiva deems appropriate. Any Primary Fund's net assets denominated in currency other than the denomination currency of Fund shall be converted using the prevailing market rates as obtained from one or more banks or dealers or Marketiva. For fixed-yield Fund Marketiva shall determine Fund price based on a fixed yield as determined by Marketiva from time to time as Marketiva deems appropriate, provided that Marketiva may not determine a negative fixed yield in time intervals when the Primary Funds of the Fund record total profit. Trader acknowledges and agrees that Marketiva may quote the Fund prices in any time intervals and that the spread between Fund's Bid and Ask price shall be determined by Marketiva as Marketiva deems appropriate. If any Fund price quote is unacceptable to the Trader, Trader's only recourse is to close existing positions Trader maintains on the particular Fund offered by Marketiva. In light of Marketiva providing access to investment funds for investors with tiny amounts of money, Trader acknowledges that in the process of investing in the Primary Funds various types of charges, expenses and costly organizational overheads may arise and that the only firm pricing policy Marketiva adheres to when quoting the Fund prices, is to attempt to make the performance of the Funds competitive with similar funds offered by other participants in the international financial industry.

2.5. Additional Charges and Expenses: Management Fee that covers all investment management, investment advisory, and distribution services provided in relation to the relevant Fund and all operating, administrative and servicing expenses of the Fund shall be subtracted from the Fund's net asset value and shall reflect into the Fund's price quoted by Marketiva and shall not be charged separately. Fund's Performance Fee shall also be subtracted from the Fund's net asset value and shall reflect into the Fund's price quoted by Marketiva and shall not be charged separately. Management Fee and Performance Fee shall be calculated as a percentage of Fund's net asset value, accrued and charged daily, and shall be determined by Marketiva as Marketiva deems appropriate.

2.6. No Dividends on Funds: Trader acknowledges and agrees that Funds offered by Marketiva do not pay dividends, and that the only profit Trader is able to collect from investing in Funds shall be derived from increase in price of the particular Fund the Trader invests in.

2.7. Prevention of Market Timing Practices: Marketiva does not allow investments which are associated with Market Timing Practices as such practices may adversely affect the interests of other investors in the same Fund. In general, market timing refers to the investment behavior of an individual or company or a group of individuals or companies buying, selling or exchanging shares or other securities on the basis of predetermined market indicators by taking advantage of time differences and / or imperfections or deficiencies in the method of determination of the net asset value and Fund prices. Market timers may also include individuals or groups of individuals whose securities transactions seem to follow a timing pattern or are characterized by frequent or large exchanges. In the event of Trader employing the Market Timing Practices, Trader agrees and acknowledges that Marketiva may in Marketiva's sole discretion take one or more, or any portion of, the following actions: (i) close Trader's account; (ii) suspend Trader's account for an indefinite period of time; (iii) carry out an investigation on Trader's account for an indefinite period of time; (iv) charge a penalty fee to Trader in the same or greater amount of money that resulted from Trader using Market Timing Practices.

3. INDEX AND COMMODITY TRADING
3.1. Over-The-Counter Spots Market: Trader may purchase and / or sell spot index or commodity instruments (hereinafter referred to as "Spots") and any similar financial instruments, through over-the-counter spots market (hereinafter referred to as "OTCSP"), where Marketiva shall most frequently act as Trader's counterparty in the purchase and / or sale of the Spots.

3.2. Authorization to Trade OTCSP: In accordance with Trader's written or computer instructions, Marketiva is authorized to purchase and sell OTCSP instruments for Trader's account(s) from and to Marketiva, or pass-through purchases and sales in full, partial, aggregate, exposure-only, or any other quantity as Marketiva deems appropriate, from and to counterparty banks or sophisticated institutions or participants. Marketiva is authorized to execute all orders with Marketiva or pass-through orders to such banks or sophisticated institutions or participants as Marketiva deems appropriate.

4. COMMON SERVICE PROVISIONS
4.1. Margins and Deposit Requirements: Trader shall provide to and maintain with Marketiva margin in such amounts and in such forms as Marketiva, in its sole discretion, may require or as may be otherwise required by applicable regulation. Trader is aware and acknowledges that the requirements for margin vary, and may be changed from time to time, at Marketiva's sole discretion, based upon account size, volume traded, and market conditions. Such margin requirements may be greater or less than margins required by a counterparty bank. Marketiva may change margin requirements at any time. Trader agrees to deposit by immediate wire transfer such additional margin when and as required by Marketiva and will promptly meet all margin calls in such mode of transmission as Marketiva in its sole discretion designates. Marketiva may at any time proceed to liquidate Trader's account in accordance with paragraph 4.4 and any failure by Marketiva to enforce its rights hereunder shall not be deemed a waiver by Marketiva to enforce its rights thereafter. No previous margin requirement by Marketiva shall preclude Marketiva from increasing that requirement without prior notice.

4.2. Governmental, Counterparty Institution and Interbanking System Rules: All transactions under this Agreement shall be subject to the constitution, by-laws, rules, regulations, customs, usage, rulings and interpretations of the counterparty institution or other interbank market (and its clearing organization, if any) where executed and to all applicable laws and regulations. If any statute shall hereafter be enacted or any rule or regulation shall hereafter be adopted by any governmental authority, or a contract market or clearing organization which shall be binding upon Marketiva and shall affect in any manner or be inconsistent with any of the provisions hereof, the affected provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed modified or superseded, as the case may be by the applicable provisions of such statute, rule or regulation, and all other provisions of this Agreement and provisions so modified shall in all respects continue in full force and effect. Trader acknowledges that all transactions under this Agreement are subject to the aforementioned regulatory requirements and Trader shall not thereby be given any independent legal or contractual rights with respect to such requirements.

4.3. Collateral Terms: All funds, securities, currencies, and other property of Trader which Marketiva or its affiliates may at any time be carrying for Trader or which may at any time be in its possession or control or carried on its books for any purpose, including safekeeping, are to be held by Marketiva as security and subject to a general lien and right of set-off for liabilities of Trader to Marketiva whether or not Marketiva has made advances in connection with such securities, commodities, currencies or other property, and irrespective of the number of accounts Trader may have with Marketiva. Marketiva may in its discretion, at any time and from time to time, without notice to Trader, apply and / or transfer any or all funds or other property of Trader between any of Trader's accounts. Trader hereby also grants to Marketiva the right to pledge, re-pledge, hypothecate, invest or loan, either separately or with the property of other Traders, to itself as broker or to others, any securities or other property of Trader held by Marketiva as margin or security. Marketiva shall at no time be required to deliver to Trader the identical property delivered to or purchased by Marketiva for any account of Trader. This authorization shall apply to all accounts carried by Marketiva for Trader and shall remain in full force until all accounts are fully paid for by Trader or notice of revocation is sent by Marketiva from its home office.

4.4. Liquidation of Accounts and Payment of Deficit Balances: In the event of (a) the death or judicial declaration of incompetence of Trader; (b) the filing of a petition in bankruptcy, or a petition for the appointment of a receiver, or the institution of any insolvency or similar proceeding by or against Trader; (c) the filing of an attachment against any of Trader's accounts carried by Marketiva, (d) insufficient margin, or Marketiva's determination that any collateral deposited to protect one or more accounts of Trader is inadequate, regardless of current market quotations, to secure the account; (e) Trader's failure to provide Marketiva any information requested pursuant to this agreement; or (f) any other circumstances or developments that Marketiva deems appropriate for its protection, and in Marketiva's sole discretion, it may take one or more, or any portion of, the following actions: (1) satisfy any obligation Trader may have to Marketiva, either directly or by way of guaranty of suretyship, out of any of Trader's funds or property in its custody or control; (2) sell any or purchase any or all financial instruments held or carried for Trader; and (3) cancel any or all outstanding orders or contracts, or any other commitments made on behalf of Trader. Any of the above actions may be taken without demand for margin or additional margin, without prior notice of sale or purchase or other notice to Trader, Trader's personal representatives, heirs, executors, administrators, trustees, legatees or assigns and regardless of whether the ownership interest shall be solely Trader's or held jointly with others. In liquidation of Trader's long or short positions, Marketiva may, in its sole discretion, offset in the same settlement or it may initiate new long or short positions in order to establish a spread or straddle which in Marketiva's sole judgment may be advisable to protect or reduce existing positions in Trader's account. Any sales or purchases hereunder may be made according to Marketiva's judgment and at its discretion with any interbank or other exchange market where such business is then usually transacted or at a public auction or private sale, and Marketiva may purchase the whole or any part thereof free from any right of redemption. Trader shall at all times be liable for the payment of any deficit balance of Trader upon demand by Marketiva and in all cases, Trader shall be liable for any deficiency remaining in Trader's account(s) in the event of the liquidation thereof in whole or in part by Marketiva or by Trader. In the event the proceeds realized pursuant to this authorization are insufficient for the payment of all liabilities of Trader due to Marketiva, trader shall promptly pay upon demand, the deficit and all unpaid liabilities, together with interest thereon equal to three (3) percentage points above the then prevailing prime rate at Marketiva's principal bank or the maximum interest rate allowed by law, whichever is lower, and all costs of collection, including attorney's fees, witness fees, travel expenses and the like. In the event Marketiva incurs expenses other than for the collection of deficits, with respect to any of the account(s) of Trader, Trader agrees to pay such expenses.

4.5. Charges: Trader shall pay such brokerage, commission and special service and all other charges (including, without limitation, markups and markdowns, statement charges, idle account charges, order cancellation charges, account transfer charges or other charges), fees (including, without limitation, fees charged by banks or by other financial institutions and intermediaries for deposit and withdrawal of Trader's funds, fees imposed by any interbank agency, bank, contract markets or other regulatory or self-regulatory organizations) arising out of Marketiva providing services hereunder. Marketiva may change its commission, charges, and / or fees without notice. Trader agrees to be liable to Marketiva for interest on amounts due from Trader to Marketiva at an interest rate equal to three (3) percentage points above the then prevailing prime rate at Marketiva principal bank or the maximum interest rate allowed by law, whichever is lower. All such charges shall be paid by Trader as they are incurred, or as Marketiva in its sole and absolute discretion, may determine, and Trader hereby authorizes Marketiva to withdraw the amount of any such charges from Trader's accounts(s). Marketiva and Trader agree and confirm that all prices quoted to Trader are not inclusive of markups and markdowns.

4.6. Right to Refuse Orders: Marketiva retains the right to limit the amount and / or total number of open positions that Trader may acquire or maintain at Marketiva. Marketiva will attempt to execute all orders, which it may, in its sole discretion, choose to accept in accordance with the written or computer instructions of Trader's. Marketiva reserves the right to refuse to accept any order. However, Marketiva shall not be responsible for any loss or damage caused, directly or indirectly, by any events, actions or omissions beyond the control of Marketiva including, without limitation, loss or damage resulting, directly or indirectly, from any delays or inaccuracies in the transmission of orders and / or information due to a breakdown in or failure of any transmission or communication facilities.

4.7. No Guarantees to Credit Worthiness: There are no guarantees to the credit worthiness of the counterparty of your positions. Every attempt has been made to deal with reputable creditworthy banks, institutions, clearing houses and other participants. Also, there may be certain cases in which trading liquidity decreases causing trading in a certain financial instruments to cease, thereby preventing the liquidation of an adverse position that may result in a substantial financial loss.

4.8. Interest / Premium: Interest on positions opened on margin held past 17:00 EST / EDT may be charged or paid on a daily basis depending on the underlying position. Trader acknowledges that such interest rates shall be determined by Marketiva, in its sole discretion.

4.9. Price Differences: Trader acknowledges that over-the-counter business is not traded on an organized exchange and therefore does not require open-outcry. Even though quotations or prices are afforded by many computer-based component systems, the quotations and prices may vary due to various reasons, including without limitation to spread sizes, markups and markdowns, commissions, fees, delays in transmission and market liquidity.

4.10. Quoting Errors: Should quoting errors occur, which may include, but are not limited to, a dealer's mistype of a quote, a quote which is not representative of fair market prices, an erroneous price quote from a Trader, such as but not limited to a wrong big figure quote or an erroneous quote due to failure of hardware, software or communication lines or systems and / or inaccurate external data feeds provided by third-party vendors, Marketiva will not be liable for the resulting errors in account balances. The foregoing list is not meant to be exhaustive and in the event of a quoting error, Marketiva reserves the right to make the necessary corrections or adjustments on the account involved. Any dispute arising from such quoting errors will be resolved on a basis of a fair market value of a financial instrument at the time such an error occurred.

4.11. No Scalping: Trader agrees and acknowledges that the service provided by Marketiva to Trader hereunder is not adapted for trading techniques commonly known as "scalping" or "picking" ("Scalping"). In the event of Trader employing the Scalping techniques, Trader agrees and acknowledges that Marketiva may in Marketiva's sole discretion take one or more, or any portion of, the following actions: (i) close Trader's account; (ii) suspend Trader's account for an indefinite period of time; (iii) carry out an investigation on Trader's account for an indefinite period of time; (iv) charge a penalty fee to Trader in the same or greater amount of money that resulted from Trader using Scalping techniques.

4.12. Trading Agent: In the event that Trader grants trading authority or control over Trader's account to a third party (Trading Agent), whether on a discretionary or non-discretionary basis, Marketiva shall in no way be responsible for reviewing Trader's choice of such Trading Agent or for making any recommendations with respect thereto. Marketiva makes no representations or warranties concerning any Trading Agent; Marketiva shall not be responsible for any loss to Trader occasioned by the actions of the Trading Agent; and Marketiva does not, by implication or otherwise endorse or approve of the operating methods of the Trading Agent. If Trader gives the Trading Agent authority to exercise any of its rights over Trader's account, Trader does so at his own risk.

4.13. Password Protection: The Trader is obligated to keep passwords secret and ensure that third parties do not obtain access to the trading facilities. The Trader will be liable to Marketiva for trades executed by means of the Trader's password even if such use may be wrongful.

4.14. Internet Failures: Since Marketiva does not control signal power, its reception or routing via Internet, configuration of your equipment or reliability of its connection, we cannot be responsible for communication failures, distortions or delays when trading on-line (via Internet).

4.15. Account Hibernation: In the event Trader does not deposit funds into Trader's account and does not access Trader's account for ninety (90) days, Marketiva may cancel all active orders, close all open positions and place the Trader's account into a hibernation state until the Trader returns and re-activates the Trader's account. Trader acknowledges that Marketiva places inactive accounts into hibernation state in order to preserve computer resources.

4.16. Trading Recommendations, Signals and Alerts: Trader acknowledges that (i) any market recommendations and information, including the trading signals and alerts ("Trading Recommendations"), communicated to Trader by Marketiva or by any person within the company or by any contributor on the Marketiva's discussion channels ("Chat Rooms") or by any market analyst listed on the Marketiva website ("Market Analysts"), does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any financial instrument, (ii) such Trading Recommendations, although based upon information obtained from sources believed by Marketiva to be reliable, may be based solely on an opinion and that such information may be incomplete and may be unverified, and (iii) Marketiva makes no representation, warranty or guarantee as to, and shall not be responsible for, the accuracy, completeness or profitability of any Trading Recommendations furnished to Trader.

4.17. API: Trader may access the Application Programming Interface ("API") which provides services to the Trader through the following programming interfaces ("API Interfaces"): (a) interfaces for accessing prices quoted by Marketiva ("API Prices"); (b) interfaces for entering, modifying and cancelling orders, and modifying and closing positions ("API Transactions"); and (c) interfaces for monitoring of trades and other market and account information provided by Marketiva. Trader agrees (1) not to permit any third party to use the API; (2) not to transmit, publish, disseminate, duplicate, display, disclose, offer or otherwise provide, in any form whatsoever, the API Prices to any third party; and (3) thoroughly test any and all programming code written to access the API ("API Code"), in accordance with the documentation and procedures provided on Marketiva's website, prior to using such custom interfaces to execute API Transactions through the API. Trader acknowledges and agrees that Marketiva shall not provide any support to Trader regarding the API, other than what is provided on Marketiva's website. Furthermore, Marketiva shall not provide any support, analysis, examination or problem-solving regarding API Code written by the Trader. Trader acknowledges that: (i) there are serious risks associated with using the API for the purposes of trading financial instruments; (ii) developing and programming API Code is a complex, subtle and painstaking process; (iii) API Code design and / or programming errors can lead to undesired, erratic and / or unexpected trading behaviour and can result in large trading losses, up to and including the loss of all funds in the Trader's account; (iv) API Code should only be designed, programmed and maintained by persons who are expert and qualified in these areas; (v) API Code must be fully verified and tested on Trader's virtual trading desks prior to its use on Trader's live trading desks; and (vi) the performance of API Code must be closely supervised and API Code should not be left to run unattended.

4.18. Conflicts of Interest: Trader acknowledges that Marketiva and / or its subsidiaries, officers, directors, affiliates, associates, stockholders or representatives may have positions in or may intend to buy or sell financial instruments, which are offered to Trader by Marketiva or through Marketiva, or which are subject of market recommendations furnished to Trader, and that the market positions of Marketiva or any such subsidiary, officer, director, affiliate, associate, stockholder or representative may be opposing to the positions of Trader, and may not be consistent with the recommendations furnished to Trader by Marketiva.

4.19. Taxation: Trader acknowledges that Marketiva makes no representations concerning the tax implications or treatment of any financial instrument or contract offered by Marketiva or through Marketiva. Trader acknowledges and agrees that tax obligations of Trader are Trader's sole responsibility and that Marketiva does not provide any advice, recommendation or information on tax obligations of Trader.

4.20. International Clientele and Jurisdiction: In light of Marketiva offering financial instruments and other products and services ("Offerings") to international clientele subject to an enormous number of local, state and federal laws in many countries around the world, Trader acknowledges and agrees that it is Trader's responsibility to check with Trader's local, state and federal government, if Marketiva and the Offerings and use or purchase of the Offerings are in accordance with all the relevant local, state and federal laws ("Relevant Laws"). If Marketiva or the Offerings or use or purchase of the Offerings are not in accordance with the Relevant Laws, it is Trader's obligation to immediately stop using and purchasing Offerings, cancel all active orders, close all open positions held with Marketiva and request closure of Trader's account(s) with Marketiva. Trader agrees to indemnify and hold Marketiva harmless from all damages or liability resulting form Trader's failure to comply with provisions referred to herein.

5. REFERRING AFFILIATES
5.1. No Supervision or Liability: Marketiva does not supervise the activities of referring and introducing agents and affiliates (hereinafter referred to as "Introducing Agent" or "Referring Affiliate" or "Referring Agent") and assumes no liability for any representations made by Referring Agent. Marketiva and Referring Agent are wholly separate and independent from one another. The agreement between Marketiva and Referring Agent does not establish a joint venture or partnership and Referring Agent is not an agent or employee of Marketiva.

5.2. Third Party Trading Advice: Marketiva does not control, and cannot endorse or vouch for the accuracy or completeness of any information or advice Client may have received or may receive in the future from Referring Agent or from any other person not employed by Marketiva regarding trading of the financial instruments offered by Marketiva or the risks involved in such trading.

5.3. Integral Risk Disclosure: Marketiva provides risk disclosure information to all new Clients when they open accounts. Client should read that information carefully, and should not rely on any information to the contrary from any other source.

5.4. No Promises Regarding Profits: Client acknowledges that no promises have been made by Marketiva or any individual associated with Marketiva regarding future profits or losses in Client's account. Client understands that trading is very risky, and that many people lose money trading.

5.5. No Responsibility for Trading Advice: If Referring Agent or any other third party provides Client with information or advice regarding trading of the instruments offered by Marketiva, Marketiva shall in no way be responsible for any loss to Client resulting from Client's use of such information or advice.

5.6. Trading Systems and Courses: To the extent Client has previously been led to believe or believes that utilizing any third party trading system, course, program, research or recommendations provided by Referring Agent or any other third party will result in trading profits, Client hereby acknowledges, agrees and understands that all trading, including trading done pursuant to a system, course, program, research or recommendations of Referring Agent or another third party involves a substantial risk of loss. In addition, Client hereby acknowledges, agrees and understands that the use of a trading system, course, program, research or recommendations of Referring Agent or another third party will not necessarily result in profits, avoid losses or limit losses.

5.7. Non-Regulated Third Parties: Client understands that Referring Agent and many third party vendors of trading systems, courses, programs, research or recommendations are not regulated by a government agency.

5.8. Compensation for Referring: Client understands and acknowledges that Marketiva may compensate Referring Agent for introducing Client to Marketiva and that such compensation may be on a per-trade basis or other basis. Such compensation to the Referring Agent may require the Client to incur a markup, above and beyond the ordinary spread generally provided by Marketiva. Further, the Client has a right to be informed of the precise nature of such remuneration.

5.9. Limited Referral Data Access: Client understands and agrees that if Client's account with Marketiva is introduced by Referring Agent, that Referring Agent shall have a limited access, determined in Marketiva's sole discretion, to data in Client's Marketiva account, but the Referring Agent shall not have the right to enter into any trades on Client's account with Marketiva.

6. GENERAL PROVISIONS
6.1. Risk Acknowledgment: Trader acknowledges that investments in leveraged and non-leveraged transactions are speculative, involve a high degree of risk, and are appropriate only for persons who can assume risk of loss in excess of their principal investment and margin deposit. Trader warrants that Trader is willing and able, financially and otherwise, to assume the risk of trading in financial instruments offered by Marketiva, and in consideration of Marketiva's carrying Trader's account(s), Trader agrees not to hold Marketiva responsible for losses incurred through following its trading recommendations or suggestions or those of its employees, agents or representatives. Trader recognizes that guarantees of profit or freedom from loss are impossible of performance in trading. Trader acknowledges that Trader has received no such guarantees from Marketiva or from any of its representatives or any Introducing Agent or other entity with whom Trader is conducting his / her Marketiva account and has not entered into this agreement in consideration of or in reliance upon any such guarantees or similar representations. Trader acknowledges that he / she has been advised and understands the risk factors described in this Agreement and in the Risk Disclosure statement which has been provided to Trader.

6.2. Communications: Reports, statements, notices and any other communications may be transmitted to such address as Trader may from time to time designate in writing to Marketiva. All communications so sent, whether by mail, electronic mail, telegraph messenger or otherwise, shall be deemed transmitted by Marketiva when electronically submitted or deposited in the mail, or when received by a transmitting agent, and deemed delivered to Trader personally, whether actually received by Trader or not.

6.3. Marketiva Responsibilities: Marketiva will not be responsible for delays in the transmission of orders due to a breakdown or failure of transmission or communication facilities, electrical power outage or for any other cause beyond Marketiva's control or anticipation. Marketiva shall only be liable for its actions directly attributable to negligence, willful default or fraud on the part of Marketiva. Marketiva shall not be liable for losses arising from the default of any agent or any other party used by Marketiva under this agreement.

6.4. Consent to Electronic Transmission: Client hereby consents to have Client's account information and trade confirmations available on the Internet in lieu of having such information delivered to Client via mail or e-mail. Client will be able to access account information via the Marketiva website using Client's account login information to access the account. Marketiva will post Client's account activity and Client will be able to generate daily, monthly and yearly reports of account activity as well as a report of each executed trade. Updated account information will be available no more than twenty-four (24) hours after any activity takes place on Client's account. Marketiva may show a portion of trading activity in an aggregated form in order to optimize system performance, in which case Client will be able to request e-mail delivery of records of all trading activity that has been aggregated for optimization purposes. Posting of account information on Client's online account will be deemed delivery of confirmation and account statements. Account information will include trade confirmations with trade identifiers, purchase and sale rates, margin information if applicable, statements of profits and losses, as well as current open or pending positions.

6.5. Statements and Confirmation: Reports of the confirmation of orders and statements of accounts for Trader shall be deemed correct and shall be conclusive and binding upon Trader if not objected to immediately upon receipt and confirmed in writing within (1) day after transmittal to Trader by mail or otherwise. Margin calls shall be conclusive and binding unless objected to immediately in writing. In lieu of sending trade confirmation via postal mail, Marketiva will provide Trader Internet access to view his / her account at any time with an online login. Written objections on Trader's part shall be directed to Marketiva at its home office located at the most recent address as indicated on the Marketiva website, and shall be deemed received only if actually delivered or mailed by registered mail, return receipt requested. Failure to object shall be deemed ratification of all actions taken by Marketiva or Marketiva's agents prior to Trader's receipt of said reports. Trader's failure to receive a trade confirmation shall not relieve Trader of the obligation to object as set out herein.

6.6. E-Mail and Address Acknowledgment: Client acknowledge that it is Client's obligation to immediately notify Marketiva if there is a change in Client's electronic mail address, or other location to which the electronic records may be provided. Client acknowledges that it is Client's obligation to notify Marketiva if there is a change in the address or other location to which paper records may be provided, if necessary.

6.7. Privacy Policy: Marketiva is committed to safeguarding the personal information that Client provides to us. Client can read the detailed description of Marketiva's Privacy Policy located at the Marketiva website.

6.8. Trader Representations and Warranties: Trader represents and warrants that: (a) Trader is of sound mind, legal age and legal competence; and, (b) No person other than Trader has or will have an interest in Trader's account(s); and, (c) Trader hereby warrants that regardless of any subsequent determination to the contrary, Trader is suitable to trade instruments offered by Marketiva and is a sophisticated institution and / or market participant; and, (d) Trader is not now an employee of any exchange, any corporation in which any exchange owns a majority of the capital stock, any member of any exchange and / or firm registered on any exchange, or any bank, trust, or insurance company that trades the same instruments as those offered by Marketiva, and in the event that Trader becomes so employed, Trader will promptly notify Marketiva at its home office in writing of such employment; and, (e) All the information provided by the Trader, in the account opening and identification process on Marketiva's website, is true, correct and complete as of the date hereof and Trader will notify Marketiva promptly of any changes in such information.

6.9. Disclosure of Financial Information: The Trader represents and warrants that the financial information disclosed to Marketiva is an accurate representation of the Trader's current financial condition. The Trader represents and warrants that the Trader has very carefully considered the portion of the Trader's assets which the Trader considers to be Risk Capital. The Trader recognizes that Risk Capital is the amount of money the Trader is willing to put at risk and if lost would not, in any way, change the Trader's lifestyle. The Trader agrees to immediately inform Marketiva if the Trader's financial condition changes in such a way to reduce the Trader's Risk Capital.

6.10. No Guarantees: Trader acknowledges that Trader has no separate agreement with Trader's broker or any Marketiva employee or agent regarding the trading in Trader's Marketiva account, including any agreement to guarantee profits or limit losses in Trader's account. Trader understands that Trader is under an obligation to notify Marketiva's Compliance Officer immediately in writing as to any agreement of this type. Further, Trader understands that any representations made by anyone concerning Trader's account that differ from any statements Trader receives from Marketiva must be brought to the attention of Marketiva's Compliance Officer immediately in writing. Trader understands that Trader must authorize every transaction prior to its execution, and any disputed transactions must be brought to the attention of Marketiva's Compliance Officer pursuant to the notice requirements of this Agreement. Trader agrees to indemnify and hold Marketiva harmless from all damages or liability resulting form Trader's failure to immediately notify Marketiva's Compliance Officer of any of the occurrences referred to herein. All notices required under this section shall be sent to Marketiva at its home office.

6.11. No Waiver or Amendment: No provision of this Agreement may be waived or amended unless the waiver or amendment is in writing and signed by both Trader and an authorized officer of Marketiva. No waiver or amendment of this Agreement may be implied from any course of dealing between the parties or from any failure by Marketiva or its agents to assert its rights under this Agreement on any occasion or series of occasions. No oral agreements or instructions to the contrary shall be recognized or enforceable. This instrument and the attachments hereto embody the entire agreement of the parties, superseding any and all prior written and oral agreements and there are no other terms, conditions or obligations other than those contained herein.

6.12. Severability: If any provisions hereof are deemed to be illegal or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction, the enforceability or effectiveness of the remainder of the Agreement shall not be affected and this Agreement shall be enforceable without reference to the unenforceable provision.

6.13. Governing Law and Jurisdiction: This Agreement, the rights and obligations of the parties hereto, and any judicial or administrative action or proceeding arising directly or indirectly hereunder or in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, whether brought by Trader or Marketiva, shall be governed by, construed and enforced in all respects by the laws of the Republic of Montenegro. The Republic of Montenegro is jurisdiction where Marketiva is incorporated.

6.14. Binding Effect: This Agreement shall be continuous and shall cover, individually and collectively, all accounts of Trader at any time opened or reopened with Marketiva irrespective of any change or changes at any time in the personnel of Marketiva or its successors, assigns, or affiliates. This Agreement including all authorizations, shall inure to the benefit of Marketiva and its successors and assigns, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, and shall be binding upon Trader and / or the estate, executor, trustees, administrators, legal representatives, successors and assigns of Trader. Trader hereby ratifies all transactions with Marketiva affected prior to the date of this Agreement, and agrees that the rights and obligations of Trader in respect thereto shall be governed by the terms of this Agreement.

6.15. Termination: This Agreement shall continue in effect until termination, and may be terminated by Trader at any time when Trader has no open position(s) and no liabilities held by or owed to Marketiva upon the actual receipt by Marketiva at its home office of written notice of termination, or at any time whatsoever by Marketiva upon the transmittal of written notice of termination to Trader; provided, that such termination shall not affect any transactions previously entered into and shall not relieve either party of any obligations set out in this agreement nor shall it relieve Trader of any obligations arising out of any deficit balance.

6.16. Indemnification: Trader agrees to indemnify and hold Marketiva, its affiliates, employees, consultants, agents, successors and assigns harmless from and against any and all liabilities, losses, damages, costs and expenses, including attorney's fees, incurred by Marketiva arising out of Trader's failure to fully and timely perform Trader's agreements herein or should any of the representations and warranties fail to be true and correct. Trader also agrees to pay promptly to Marketiva all damages, costs and expenses, including attorney's fees, incurred by Marketiva in the enforcement of any of the provisions of this Agreement and any other agreements between Marketiva and Trader.

6.17. Terms and Headings: The term "Marketiva" shall be deemed to include Marketiva, its divisions, its successors and assigns; the term "home office" is office of Marketiva, accessible through Marketiva's website located at http://www.marketiva.com/ address, and through contact forms on Marketiva's website, and through the mailing address specified on Marketiva's website; the term "Trader" shall mean the party executing the Agreement; and the term "Agreement" shall include all other agreements and authorizations executed by Trader in connection with the maintenance of Trader's account with Marketiva regardless of when executed. The paragraph and segment headings in this Agreement are inserted for convenience of reference only and are not deemed to limit the applicability or affect the meaning of any of its provisions.

6.18. Acceptance: This Agreement shall not be deemed to be accepted by Marketiva nor become a binding contract between Trader and Marketiva until approved by Marketiva home office.

6.19. Consent to Jurisdiction and Venue: In order to induce Marketiva to accept this Agreement, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, Trader hereby agrees to the following: (a) Any judicial or administrative action or proceeding arising directly or indirectly hereunder or in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, whether brought by Trader or Marketiva, shall be held, within geographical location Marketiva chooses, in its sole discretion. Trader consents and submits to, and waives any and all objections Trader may have to such venue, and further agrees to waive and forego any right Trader may have to transfer or change the venue of any action or proceeding encompassed hereby; and, (b) Trader consents and submits to the jurisdiction of any local, state, federal or international court located within the geographical location Marketiva chooses, in its sole discretion, in any action or proceeding arising directly or indirectly hereunder or in connection with the transaction hereby, whether brought by Trader or Marketiva.

6.20. Recordings: Trader agrees and acknowledges that all communications and conversations regarding Trader's account(s) between Trader and Marketiva personnel may be electronically recorded with or without the use of an automatic tone-warning device. Trader further agrees to the use of such recordings and transcripts thereof as evidence by either party in connection with any dispute or proceeding that may arise involving Trader or Marketiva. Trader understands that Marketiva destroys such recordings at regular intervals in accordance with Marketiva's established business procedures and Trader hereby consents to such destruction.

6.21. Modifications to the Agreement: Marketiva reserves the right to change and / or modify any and all terms of this Agreement from time to time, and at any time, with or without notice to Trader, by posting such changes on the Marketiva's website. Trader is responsible for regularly reviewing these terms and conditions for any modifications and agrees to be bound by the same.

Sunday, November 01, 2009

Risk Disclosure Statement

This brief statement does not disclose all of the risks and other significant aspects of trading in financial markets. In light of the risks, you should undertake such transactions only if you ("Trader" or "Client") fully understand the nature of the contracts (and contractual relationships) into which you are entering and the extent of your exposure to risk. Trading is not suitable for many members of the public. You should carefully consider whether trading is appropriate for you in light of your experience, objectives, financial resources and other relevant circumstances.

1. COMMON RISKS
1.1. General Investment Risk: All investments come with the risk of losing money. Investing involves substantial risks, including complete possible loss of principal plus other losses and may not be suitable for many members of the public. Investments, unlike savings and checking accounts at a bank, are not insured by the government to protect against market losses. Different market instruments carry different types and degrees of risk and you should familiarize yourself with the risks involved in the particular market instruments you intend to invest in.

1.2. Electronic Trading: Trading on an electronic trading system may differ not only from trading in an open-outcry market but also from trading on other electronic trading systems. If you undertake transactions on an electronic trading system, you will be exposed to risks associated with the system including the failure of hardware and software. The result of any system failure may be that your order is either not executed according to your instructions or is not executed at all.


1.3. Suspension or Restriction of Trading and Pricing Relationships: Market conditions (e.g. liquidity) and / or the operation of the rules of certain markets and market makers (e.g. market hours, dealing hours, suspension of trading, etc.) may increase the risk of loss by making it difficult or impossible to effect transactions or liquidate / offset positions.

1.4. Off-Exchange Transactions: Company that you are effecting off-exchange transactions with may often act as your counterparty. It may be difficult or impossible to liquidate an existing position, to assess the value, to determine a fair price or to assess the exposure to risk. For these reasons, these transactions may involve increased risks. Off-exchange transactions are generally less regulated and / or subject to a separate regulatory regime. Before you undertake such transactions, you should familiarize yourself with applicable rules and attendant risks.

1.5. Transactions in Foreign Jurisdictions: Transactions on markets in foreign jurisdictions, including markets formally linked to a domestic market, may expose you to additional risk. Such markets may be subject to regulation, which may offer different or diminished investor protection. Your local regulatory authority will be unable to compel the enforcement of the rules of regulatory authorities or markets in other jurisdictions where your transactions have been effected. You should obtain details about the types of redress available and rules applicable in both your home jurisdiction and other relevant jurisdictions before you start to trade.

1.6. Deposited Cash and Property: You should familiarize yourself with the protections accorded money or other property you deposit for domestic and foreign transactions, particularly in the event of insolvency or bankruptcy. The extent to which you may recover your money or property may be governed by specific foreign legislation or other non-domestic rules. In some jurisdictions, property, which has been specifically identifiable as your own, will be pro-rated in the same manner as cash for purposes of distribution in the event of a shortfall.

1.7. Terms and Conditions of Contracts: You should obtain details about the terms and conditions of the specific market instruments which you are trading and associated obligations (e.g. the margin requirements and the terms of their change, order execution limitations, circumstances under which you may become obligated to make or take delivery, expiration dates and restrictions on the time for exercise, etc.).

1.8. Commission and Other Charges: Before you begin to trade, you should obtain a clear explanation of all commission, fees and other charges for which you will be liable. These charges will affect your net profit (if any) or increase your loss.

1.9. Currency Risks: The profit or loss in transactions in foreign currency-denominated contracts (whether they are traded in your own or another jurisdiction) will be affected by fluctuations in currency rates where there is a need to convert from the currency denomination of the contract to another currency.

1.10. Trading Facilities: Most open-outcry and electronic trading facilities are supported by computer-based component systems for the order-routing, execution, matching, registration or clearing of trades. As with all facilities and systems, they are vulnerable to temporary disruption or failure. Your ability to recover certain losses may be subject to limits on liability imposed by the system provider, the market, the clearing house and / or member firms. Such limits may vary. Therefore, you should obtain a clear explanation of all details in this respect.

1.11. Trading Strategies and Signals: Positive trading signal performance in the past does not guarantee the trading signal will be profitable in the future. There are various reasons why your trading performance is unlikely to be the same as trading performance results presented by a trading signal provider, including but not limited to: varying levels of market liquidity; varying sizes of market spreads; discontinuation of credit lines and trading lines; the imposition of regulatory or governmental authority over buy-side and sell-side market participants including your counterparty; human error; dealing error; varying levels and speeds of connectivity; delays in generating, transmitting, routing, and accepting orders; a lack of following every single trading signal as it is generated; the effects of other positions that you maintain that were not placed in accordance with signals or strategies offered by the trading signal provider; varying margin requirements; varying stop-loss, limit acceptance, and margining-out provisions; public or market holidays; one-time or infrequent exogenous market events; temporary inability of the trading signal provider to generate or transmit trading signals or strategies; lack of trading experience, etc.

2. FOREX-SPECIFIC RISKS
2.1. Sophisticated High-Risk Trading: Because the risk factor is high in Forex trading, only genuine "risk" funds should be used in such trading. If you do not have the extra capital you can afford to lose, you should not trade in the Forex markets. Trading in Forex is suitable only for those sophisticated institutions or sophisticated participants financially able to withstand losses that may substantially exceed the value of margins or deposits.

2.2. Effect of "Leverage" or "Gearing": Transactions in Forex carry a high degree of risk. The amount of initial margin is small relative to the value of the Forex contract so that transactions are "leveraged" or "geared". A relatively small market movement will have a proportionately larger impact on the funds you have deposited or will have to deposit: this may work against you as well as for you. You may sustain a total loss of initial margin funds and any additional funds deposited to maintain your position. If the market moves against your position or margin levels are increased, you may be called upon to pay substantial additional funds immediately or on a very short notice to maintain your position. If you fail to comply with a request for additional funds within the time prescribed, your position may be liquidated at a loss and you will be liable for any resulting deficit.

2.3. Risk-Reducing Orders or Strategies: The placing of certain orders (e.g. "exit-stop", "stop-loss", etc.) which are intended to limit losses to certain amounts may not be effective because market conditions may make it impossible to execute such orders. Strategies using combinations of positions, such as "hedged" and "straddle" positions, may be as risky as taking simple "long" or "short" positions.

3. FUNDS-SPECIFIC RISKS
3.1. Fund May Lose Value: There can be no assurance that a Fund will achieve its investment objectives and past performance should not be seen as a guide to future returns. The value of investments and the income derived may fall as well as rise and investors may not recoup the original amount invested in a Fund. An investment in a Fund may also be affected by any changes in exchange control regulation, tax laws, withholding taxes, international, political and economic developments, and government, economic or monetary policies.

3.2. Interest Rate Risk: A Fund that invests in bonds and other fixed income securities may fall in value if interest rates change. Generally, the prices of debt securities rise when interest rates fall, whilst their prices fall when interest rates rise. Longer term debt securities are usually more sensitive to interest rate changes.

3.3. Credit Risk: A Fund which invests in bonds and other fixed income securities is subject to the risk that issuers may not make payments on such securities. An issuer suffering an adverse change in its financial condition could lower the credit quality of a security, leading to greater price volatility of the security. A lowering of the credit rating of a security may also offset the security's liquidity, making it more difficult to sell. Funds investing in lower quality debt securities are more susceptible to these problems and their value may be more volatile.

3.4. Foreign Exchange Risk and Hedging: Because a Fund's assets and liabilities may be denominated in currencies different to its base currency, the Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by exchange control regulations or changes in the exchange rates between the base currency and other currencies. Changes in currency exchange rates may influence the value of a Fund's shares, the dividends or interest earned and the gains and losses realized. Exchange rates between currencies are determined by supply and demand in the currency exchange markets, the international balance of payments, governmental intervention, speculation and other economic and political conditions. If the currency in which a security is denominated appreciates against the base currency, the value of the security will increase. Conversely, a decline in the exchange rate of the currency would adversely affect the value of the security. A Fund may engage in foreign currency transactions in order to hedge against currency exchange risk; however there is no guarantee that hedging or protection will be achieved. This strategy may also limit the Fund from benefiting from the performance of a Fund's securities if the currency in which the securities held by the Fund are denominated rises against the base currency.

3.5. Futures and Options in Funds: Funds may invest in options and futures on securities, indices and interest rates for the purpose of efficient portfolio management. Also, Funds may invest in futures, options or forward foreign exchange contracts to hedge market and currency risks. Transactions in futures carry a high degree of risk. The amount of the initial margin is small relative to the value of the futures contract so that transactions are "leveraged" or "geared". A relatively small market movement will have a proportionately larger impact which may work for or against the investor. The placing of certain orders which are intended to limit losses to certain amounts may not be effective because market conditions may make it impossible to execute such orders. Transactions in options also carry a high degree of risk. Selling ("writing" or "granting") an option generally entails considerably greater risk than purchasing options. Although the premium received by the seller is fixed, the seller may sustain a loss well in excess of that amount. The seller will also be exposed to the risk of the purchaser exercising the option and the seller will be obliged either to settle the option in cash or to acquire or deliver the underlying investment. If the option is "covered" by the seller holding a corresponding position in the underlying investment or a future on another option, the risk may be reduced.

3.6. Emerging Markets: Economies in Emerging Markets generally are heavily dependent upon international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade. These economies also have been and may continue to be affected adversely by economic conditions in the countries in which they trade. Because of the special risks associated with investing in Emerging Markets, Funds which invest in such securities should be considered speculative. Investors in such Funds are advised to consider carefully the special risks of investing in emerging market securities. Brokerage commissions, custodial services and other costs relating to investment in Emerging Markets generally are more expensive than those relating to investment in more developed markets. Lack of adequate custodial systems in some markets may prevent investment in a given country or may require a Fund to accept greater custodial risks in order to invest, although the custodian will endeavor to minimize such risks through the appointment of correspondents that are international, reputable and creditworthy financial institutions. In addition, such markets have different settlement and clearance procedures. In certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. The inability of a Fund to make intended securities purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of a portfolio security caused by settlement problems could result either in losses to a Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio security or, if a Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, could result in potential liability to the purchaser. The risk also exists that an emergency situation may arise in one or more developing markets as a result of which trading of securities may cease or may be substantially curtailed and prices for a Fund's securities in such markets may not be readily available. Investors should note that changes in the political climate in Emerging Markets may result in significant shifts in the attitude to the taxation of foreign investors. Such changes may result in changes to legislation, the interpretation of legislation, or the granting of foreign investors the benefit of tax exemptions or international tax treaties. The effect of such changes can be retrospective and can (if they occur) have an adverse impact on the investment return of shareholders in any Fund so affected.

3.7. Sector Risk: Funds which concentrate their portfolio in a specific sector may carry a higher degree of risk due to lower diversification and sector-specific risks (e.g. companies in the technology sector are at risk from new technologies and face a high risk of obsolescence as a result of technological advances, etc.). Because these investments are limited to a relatively narrow segment of the economy, the Funds' investments are not as diversified as most funds. This means that these Funds tend to be more volatile than other funds and their portfolio values can increase or decrease more rapidly. The performance of each Fund may differ in direction and degree from that of the overall stock market.

3.8. Small Capitalization: Funds which include smaller capitalization companies, may involve greater risk than Funds investing in larger, more established companies. For example, small capitalization companies may have limited product lines, markets and financial or managerial resources. As a result, price movements in securities of smaller capitalization companies may be more volatile. Transaction costs in securities of smaller capitalization companies can be higher than those of larger capitalization companies and there may be less liquidity.

3.9. Non-Investment Grade Debt: Credit risk is more pronounced for investments in fixed-income securities that are rated below Investment Grade or which are of comparable quality. The risk of default may be greater and the market for these securities may be less active, making it more difficult to sell the securities at reasonable prices, and also making valuation of the securities more difficult. A Fund may incur additional expenses if an issuer defaults and the Fund tries to recover some of its losses in bankruptcy or other similar proceedings.

4. INDEXES AND COMMODITIES-SPECIFIC RISKS
4.1. High-Risk, Leverage and Risk-Reducing: Because the risk factor is high in spot Index and Commodity trading, only genuine "risk" funds should be used in such trading. If you do not have the extra capital you can afford to lose, you should not trade in the spot Index and Commodity markets. Trading in spot Index and Commodity markets is suitable only for those sophisticated institutions or sophisticated participants financially able to withstand losses that may substantially exceed the value of margins or deposits. Transactions in spot Index and Commodity markets carry a high degree of risk. The amount of initial margin is small relative to the value of the spot Index or Commodity contract so that transactions are "leveraged" or "geared". A relatively small market movement will have a proportionately larger impact on the funds you have deposited or will have to deposit: this may work against you as well as for you. You may sustain a total loss of initial margin funds and any additional funds deposited to maintain your position. If the market moves against your position or margin levels are increased, you may be called upon to pay substantial additional funds immediately or on a very short notice to maintain your position. If you fail to comply with a request for additional funds within the time prescribed, your position may be liquidated at a loss and you will be liable for any resulting deficit. The placing of certain orders (e.g. "exit-stop", "stop-loss", etc.) which are intended to limit losses to certain amounts may not be effective because market conditions may make it impossible to execute such orders. Strategies using combinations of positions, such as "hedged" and "straddle" positions, may be as risky as taking simple "long" or "short" positions.

4.2. After-Hours Trading: During regular trading hours, buyers and sellers can trade readily. During after-hours trading, there may be less trading volume, making it more difficult to execute some of your trades. Less trading activity could also mean wider spreads between the bid and ask prices. As a result, you may find it more difficult to get your order executed or to get as favorable a price as you could have during regular market hours. You may also find greater price fluctuations than you would have seen during regular trading hours. News stories announced after-hours may have greater impacts on prices. Prices quoted during after-hours sessions may not reflect the prices quoted during regular hours, either at the end of the regular trading session or upon the opening of regular trading the next business day.